什么是bloom效果

bloom：这种特效可以模拟真实摄像机的一种图像效果，可以让画面较亮的区域扩散到周围的区域，造成朦胧的效果

实现原理：根据阈值提取图像中的较亮区域，存储在一张渲染纹理中，再利用高斯模糊对这张渲染纹理进行模糊处理，模拟光线扩散的效果，最后和原图叠加。

脚本

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using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class Bloom : PostEffectsBase {

	public Shader bloomShader;
	private Material bloomMaterial = null;
	public Material material {  
		get {
			bloomMaterial = CheckShaderAndCreateMaterial(bloomShader, bloomMaterial);
			return bloomMaterial;
		}  
	}

	// Blur iterations - larger number means more blur.
	[Range(0, 4)]
	public int iterations = 3;
	
	// Blur spread for each iteration - larger value means more blur
	[Range(0.2f, 3.0f)]
	public float blurSpread = 0.6f;

	[Range(1, 8)]
	public int downSample = 2;
	//把亮度值设置在0-4区间，主要是考虑hdr的亮度有可能超过1
	[Range(0.0f, 4.0f)]
	public float luminanceThreshold = 0.6f;

	void OnRenderImage (RenderTexture src, RenderTexture dest) {
		//基于高斯模糊
		if (material != null) {
			material.SetFloat("_LuminanceThreshold", luminanceThreshold);

			int rtW = src.width/downSample;
			int rtH = src.height/downSample;
			
			RenderTexture buffer0 = RenderTexture.GetTemporary(rtW, rtH, 0);
			buffer0.filterMode = FilterMode.Bilinear;
			
			Graphics.Blit(src, buffer0, material, 0);
			
			for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
				material.SetFloat("_BlurSize", 1.0f + i * blurSpread);
				
				RenderTexture buffer1 = RenderTexture.GetTemporary(rtW, rtH, 0);
				
				// Render the vertical pass
				Graphics.Blit(buffer0, buffer1, material, 1);
				
				RenderTexture.ReleaseTemporary(buffer0);
				buffer0 = buffer1;
				buffer1 = RenderTexture.GetTemporary(rtW, rtH, 0);
				
				// Render the horizontal pass
				Graphics.Blit(buffer0, buffer1, material, 2);
				
				RenderTexture.ReleaseTemporary(buffer0);
				buffer0 = buffer1;
			}
			//将模糊后的高亮部分放入到最后一个pass中处理，用来和原图叠加
			material.SetTexture ("_Bloom", buffer0);  
			Graphics.Blit (src, dest, material, 3);  

			RenderTexture.ReleaseTemporary(buffer0);
		} else {
			Graphics.Blit(src, dest);
		}
	}
}

shader

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// Upgrade NOTE: replaced 'mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP,*)' with 'UnityObjectToClipPos(*)'

Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 12/Bloom" {
	Properties {
		_MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
		_Bloom ("Bloom (RGB)", 2D) = "black" {}
		_LuminanceThreshold ("Luminance Threshold", Float) = 0.5
		_BlurSize ("Blur Size", Float) = 1.0
	}
	SubShader {
		CGINCLUDE
		
		#include "UnityCG.cginc"
		
		sampler2D _MainTex;
		half4 _MainTex_TexelSize;
		sampler2D _Bloom;
		float _LuminanceThreshold;
		float _BlurSize;
		
		struct v2f {
			float4 pos : SV_POSITION; 
			half2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
		};	
		
		v2f vertExtractBright(appdata_img v) {
			v2f o;
			
			o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
			
			o.uv = v.texcoord;
					 
			return o;
		}
		
		fixed luminance(fixed4 color) {
			return  0.2125 * color.r + 0.7154 * color.g + 0.0721 * color.b; 
		}
		
		fixed4 fragExtractBright(v2f i) : SV_Target {
			fixed4 c = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv);
			//通过阈值裁剪
			fixed val = clamp(luminance(c) - _LuminanceThreshold, 0.0, 1.0);
			
			return c * val;
		}
		
		struct v2fBloom {
			float4 pos : SV_POSITION; 
			half4 uv : TEXCOORD0;
		};
		
		v2fBloom vertBloom(appdata_img v) {
			v2fBloom o;
			
			o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos (v.vertex);
			o.uv.xy = v.texcoord;		
			o.uv.zw = v.texcoord;
			//平台差异化处理
			#if UNITY_UV_STARTS_AT_TOP			
			if (_MainTex_TexelSize.y < 0.0)
				o.uv.w = 1.0 - o.uv.w;
			#endif
				        	
			return o; 
		}
		
		fixed4 fragBloom(v2fBloom i) : SV_Target {
		//在片元中将两个图叠加
			return tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv.xy) + tex2D(_Bloom, i.uv.zw);
		} 
		
		ENDCG
		
		ZTest Always Cull Off ZWrite Off
		
		Pass {  
			CGPROGRAM  
			#pragma vertex vertExtractBright  
			#pragma fragment fragExtractBright  
			
			ENDCG  
		}
		
		UsePass "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 12/Gaussian Blur/GAUSSIAN_BLUR_VERTICAL"
		
		UsePass "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 12/Gaussian Blur/GAUSSIAN_BLUR_HORIZONTAL"
		
		Pass {  
			CGPROGRAM  
			#pragma vertex vertBloom  
			#pragma fragment fragBloom  
			
			ENDCG  
		}
	}
	FallBack Off
}